Is there any way to communicate your plight? Recognizing this, hate groups have often desecrated these symbols. The Nacirema are especially concerned about diseases of the mouth. Even nudity is considered terrible, and people on Inis Beag keep their clothes on while they bathe. Because the Japanese value harmony, their norms frown on self-assertion in interpersonal relationships and on lawsuits to correct perceived wrongs. For example, girls around the world undergo various types of initiation ceremonies to mark their transition to adulthood. Many norms differ dramatically from one culture to the next. Language: - Every culture has a particular language which is passed by the person belongs to that particular culture to the next generation and the following generation also has to learn the language. For most Americans, the flag is not just a piece of cloth with red and white stripes and white stars against a field of blue. Innovation in the classroom starts with you the school leader. Within the national culture, there is also popular culture. Guilford, CT: Dushkin. Conversely, if we were to visit that persons society, we might not appreciate the importance of some of its artifacts. Cows, pigs, wars, and witches: The riddles of culture. Law and Society Review, 10,579619. Entertainment. The elements of culture definition explains culture through a set of five main components. However, the same gesture can mean one thing in one society and something quite different in another society (Axtell, 1998). Gini, A. What they eat. Some norms may change over time within a given culture. Are rituals more common in traditional societies than in industrial ones such as the United States? Source: Data from Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. The use of racist language also illustrates the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Among the Azande of East Africa, for example, young warriors live with each other and are not allowed to marry. In the United States, boys who are circumcised usually undergo a quick procedure in the hospital. This familiar gesture means OK in the United States, but in certain parts of Europe it signifies an obscenity. Language makes effective social interaction possible and influences how people conceive of concepts and objects. Culture Transformation Understand the culture you have, . In English, the word chair means something we sit on. Although the wheel was a great invention, artifacts are much more numerous and complex in industrial societies. In the most simple societies, artifacts are largely limited to a few tools, the huts people live in, and the clothing they wear. Food people eat. The last element of culture is theartifacts, or material objects, that constitute a societys material culture. There are so many subtle things that inform our cultural identities. Here sex is considered very enjoyable, and it is the major subject of songs and stories. They explained that language structures thought. Major values that distinguish the United States include individualism, competition, and a commitment to the work ethic. In older childrens books, words like firemanand mailmanare common, along with pictures of men in these jobs, and critics say they send a message to children that these are male jobs, not female jobs. Therefore the idempotent elements are 0, 1, 4, iand 9. Figure 3.2 Percentage of People Who Say They Would Vote for a Qualified African American for President. 22.1 What Have You Learned From This Book? Some symbols are actually types of nonverbal communication, while other symbols are in fact material objects. Figure 3.4 Percentage of People Who Think Competition Is Very Beneficial. Hathaway, N. (1997). Table manners are a common example of informal norms, as are such everyday behaviors as how we interact with a cashier and how we ride in an elevator. Source: Data from World Values Survey, 1997. Every culture is filled with symbols, or things that stand for something else and that often evoke various reactions and emotions. Humans have a capacity for language that no other animal species possesses. It is dynamic,. The first type, called nonmaterial culture, includes the values, beliefs, symbols, and language that define a society. Important dates to the people. Sometimes people in one society may find it difficult to understand the artifacts that are an important part of another societys culture. In an ideal culture, there would be no traffic accidents, murders, poverty, or racial tension. Core values of collegiality, performance, and improvement that engender quality, . Major values that distinguish the United States include individualism, competition, and a commitment to the work ethic. Upham, F. K. (1976). These problems underscore the significance of symbols for social interaction and meaning. Humans have a capacity for language that no other animal species has, and children learn the language of their society just as they learn other aspects of their culture. According to sociologists, culture consists of the values, beliefs, systems of language, communication, and practices that people share in common and that can be used to define them as a collective. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Thus their sense of independence conflicts with their need for dependence on others (Erikson, 1976). While many societies frown on homosexuality, others accept it. In J. F. Dovidio, P. S. Glick, & L. A. Rudman (Eds. International Studies, 44, 235252. 2 The anthropological and sociological information concerning domains of culture has been adapted from generally accepted principles of human culture, such as can be found in Haviland, W. A., H. E. L. Prins, D. Walrath, and B. McBride (2005). As the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed in Chapter 1 Sociology and the Sociological Perspective emphasizes, shared symbols make social interaction possible. Chapter 19: Conclusion: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Chapter 1: Sociology and the Sociological Perspective, Chapter 2: Eye on Society: Doing Sociological Research, Chapter 5: Social Structure and Social Interaction, Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, Chapter 17: Population, Urbanization and the Environment, Chapter 18: Social Movements and Social Change, Introduction to Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World, nonmaterial culture also known as symbolic culture, Chapter 1 Sociology and the Sociological Perspective, Table 3.1 Examples of Sexist Terms and Nonsexist Alternatives, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, A professor should be devoted to his students, Professors should be devoted to their students. Introduction to Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Components of culture, explored in this lesson, are values and beliefs, norms, symbols, language,. Because sheep and cattle were more versatile in all of these ways, and because of the other problems pigs would have posed, it made sense for the eating of pork to be prohibited. Two obvious examples here are hairstyles and clothing styles. Children learn language from their culture just as they learn about shaking hands, about gestures, and about the significance of the flag and other symbols. However, the same gesture can mean one thing in one society and something quite different in another society (Axtell, 1998). What Are the 12 Components of Culture? Miner writes, Were it not for the rituals of the mouth, they believe that their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed, their jaws shrink, their friends desert them, and their lovers reject them (p. 505). At the same time, they have strong ties to families, relatives, and their neighbors. Entertainment. Culture is the way of life of a group of people. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. If a member of a tribal society who had never seen a cell phone, or who had never even used batteries or electricity, were somehow to visit the United States, she or he would obviously have no idea of what a cell phone was or of its importance in almost everything we do these days. Murdock, G. P., & White, D. R. (1969). As his satire suggests, rituals are not limited to preindustrial societies. Miner, H. (1956). Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. Cognitive Elements. Deviance: A cross-cultural perspective. (2005). Clyde Robinson Courtroom(Links to an external site.) Because too many pigs would overrun the Maring, their periodic pig sacrifices help keep the pig population to manageable levels. Ray, S. (2007). 22.2 Public Sociology and Improving Society. A cultures values shape its norms. CC BY-SA 2.0. Many observers attribute this gender difference to at least two biological differences between the sexes. Law and Society Review, 10, 579619. Source: Data from Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Mostly there is a ruler who is more powerful than other persons. Millions of Indians are peasants who rely on their farms for their food and thus their existence. Humans have a capacity for language that no other animal species possesses. Here sex is considered very enjoyable, and it is the major subject of songs and stories. Cows, pigs, wars, and witches: The riddles of culture. For instance, a tree growing in a natural forest is not an object of material culture. A rich sense of history and purpose of the school. (2010). Among the Sambia of New Guinea, young males live separately from females and engage in homosexual behavior for at least a decade. Technological development created these artifacts and new language to describe them and the functions they perform. What are the 12 elements of culture? Yet people in other countriesespecially Italy, France, Spain, and many of the nations of Latin America and the Middle Eastwould feel uncomfortable if they were standing three to four feet apart. According to Bevan and Sole (2014), culture influences all except the following. This happens because such contact helps disconfirm stereotypes that people may hold of those from different backgrounds (Dixon, 2006; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2005). The basic elements of culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. Lawsuits are thus uncommon; in one case involving disease and death from a mercury-polluted river, some Japanese who dared to sue the company responsible for the mercury poisoning were considered bad citizens (Upham, 1976). Belief systems. In most of these, men tend to hunt and women tend to gather. Among the Pokot of East Africa, for example, women are expected to enjoy sex, while among the Gusii a few hundred miles away, women who enjoy sex are considered deviant. But, it also. Although many societies disapprove of homosexuality, other societies accept it. An American using this gesture might very well be greeted with an angry look. But in other cultures the first period is a cause for celebration involving gifts, music, and food (Hathaway, 1997). Examples in the United States include traffic laws, criminal codes, and, in a college context, student behavior codes addressing such things as cheating and hate speech. Other evidence for cultural variation in norms comes from the study of how men and women are expected to behave in various societies. Litigation and moral consciousness in Japan: An interpretive analysis of four Japanese pollution suits. an Earth Dog recurs once every 60 years. Norms of drunken behavior influence how we behave when we drink too much. In the United States, for example, if we nod our head up and down, we mean yes, and if we shake it back and forth, we mean no. Important dates to the people. Some symbols are actually types of nonverbal communication, while other symbols are in fact material objects. 1. Among the Bemba of Zambia, girls undergo a month-long initiation ceremony called the chisungu, in which girls learn songs, dances, and secret terms that only women know (Maybury-Lewis, 1998). To what extent does language influence how we think and how we perceive the social and physical worlds? There are three types of asanas such as Corrective asanas, Relaxative asanas and Meditative asanas. Sometimes people in one society may find it difficult to understand the artifacts that are an important part of another societys culture. More The New York Times, p. A12. Edgerton, R. (1976). Key Takeaways 1 The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. What will you do? When the Beatles first became popular in the early 1960s, their hair barely covered their ears, but parents of teenagers back then were aghast at how they looked. The second type, called material culture, includes all the societys physical objects, such as its tools and technology, clothing, eating utensils, and means of transportation. Allports intergroup contact hypothesis: Its history and influence. Gini, A. In this society, many rituals have been developed to deal with the cultures fundamental belief that the human body is ugly and in danger of suffering many diseases. Since the 1960s, the U.S. public has changed its views about some important racial and gender issues. recreation / entertainment. For example, girls around the world undergo various types of initiation ceremonies to mark their transition to adulthood. The New York Times, p. A12. New York, NY: Free Press. These elements of culture are discussed next. It is also true that norms change over time within a given culture. Brazil: Copacabana beach, samba. Reflecting this belief, every household has at least one shrine in which various rituals are performed to cleanse the body. Cow manure is also mixed with water and used as flooring material over dirt floors in Indian households. In the early 1960s, the hair of the four members of the Beatles barely covered their ears, but many parents of U.S. teenagers were very critical of the length of their hair. For these reasons, several guidebooks promote the use of nonsexist language (Maggio, 1998). Formal norms, also called mores (MOOR-ayz) and laws, refer to the standards of behavior considered the most important in any society. For example, imagine you are in a foreign country where you do not know the language and the countrys citizens do not know yours. E.g., a Metal Dog (born in 1970) has a . You become lost. Bullough, V. L., & Bullough, B. 262277). Some norms may change over time within a given culture. South Africa: Diamonds, Nelson Mandela. Harris, M. (1974). Brown, R. (2009, January 24). Figure 3.3 Percentage of People Who Agree Women Should Take Care of Running Their Homes, also taken from several years of the GSS, shows that the percentage saying that women should take care of running their homes and leave running the country to men declined from almost 36% in the early 1970s to only about 15% in 1998, again, when the GSS stopped asking the question. Even nudity is considered terrible, and people on Inis Beag keep their clothes on while they bathe. Because many students are randomly assigned to their roommates when they enter college, interracial roommates provide a natural experiment for studying the effects of social interaction on racial prejudice. Efforts by Sanger and other activists helped to change views on contraception over time, and finally, in 1965, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut that contraception information could not be banned. Trees, rocks, microbes, and planets are all material objects, but they are not material culture unless they are made and used by humans in group contexts. (2009). Psychological Science, 19,717723. The second type, calledmaterial culture,includes all the societys physical objects, such as its tools and technology, clothing, eating utensils, and means of transportation. American culture promotes competition and an emphasis on winning in the sports and business worlds and in other spheres of life. Such ceremonies are largely absent in the United States, where a girls first period is a private matter. We already saw that the nature of drunken behavior depends on societys expectations of how people should behave when drunk. Rasmussen and her team interviewed cross-cultural experts about their experiences interacting in foreign cultures. This difference illustrates the importance of culture for peoples attitudes. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005). 109117). If someone stands more closely to us, especially if we are of northern European heritage, we feel uncomfortable. Menstruation and menopause: Blood rites. Deviance: A cross-cultural perspective. Standard cross-cultural sample. "I know what is expected of me at work" A common one is shaking hands, which is done in some societies but not in others. During the Vietnam War, however, the flag became to many Americans a symbol of war and imperialism. Lawsuits over the most frivolous of issues are quite common and even expected. La persona . It's often hard to picture what a culture will look like. The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts. Culturewas defined earlier as the symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts that are part of any society. Dixon, J. C. (2006). Ray, S. (2007). Although many societies disapprove of homosexuality, other societies accept it. How will you get help? First, men tend to be bigger and stronger than women and are thus better suited for hunting. In contrast to Jews and Muslims, at least one society, the Maring of the mountains of New Guinea, is characterized by pig love. Here pigs are held in the highest regard. The dictionary of bias-free usage: A guide to nondiscriminatory language. In the early 1900s, Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, spearheaded the growing birth-control movement and helped open a birth-control clinic in Brooklyn in 1916. This familiar gesture means OK in the United States, but in certain parts of Europe it signifies an obscenity. Here the U.S. flag is a prime example. American Anthropologist, 58, 503507. During this time, they often have sex with younger boys, and this homosexuality is approved by their culture. Want to create or adapt books like this? Other approaches to the unpackaging of culture, rooted in different schools of thought, are also possible. In Spanish, the wordsillameans the same thing. Are rituals more common in traditional societies than in industrial ones such as the United States? Language. ),Down to earth sociology: Introductory readings(pp. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. However, the sheer number of unsafe, illegal abortions over the next several decades helped fuel a demand for repeal of abortion laws that in turn helped lead to the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973 that generally legalized abortion during the first two trimesters. Accordingly, lawsuits over frivolous reasons are common and even expected. 5/27/2014 9:12:35 AM . Some of our most important symbols are objects. Gestures: The dos and taboos of body language around the world. phonemes) to produce a large number of meaningful elements (words, actually morphemes). In linguistics, double articulation, duality of patterning, or duality is the fundamental language phenomenon consisting of the use of combinations of a small number of meaningless elements (sounds i.e. Harris, M. (1974). Figure 3.7 Percentage of People Who Attribute Poverty to Laziness and Lack of Willpower. Yet a different pattern emerges in some hunting-and-gathering societies. Upham, F. K. (1976). That said, the ways in which circumcisions are done and the ceremonies accompanying them differ widely. Brettell, C. B., & Sargent, C. F. Table manners are a common example of informal norms, as are such everyday behaviors as how we interact with a cashier and how we ride in an elevator. In the United States, some people consider a common language so important that they advocate making English the official language of certain cities or states or even the whole country and banning bilingual education in the public schools (Ray, 2007). Lawsuits over the most frivolous of issues are quite common and even expected. If a teacher tells a second-grade class, Every student should put his books under his desk, the teacher obviously means students of both sexes but may be sending a subtle message that boys matter more than girls. Their religion. As the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed inChapter 1 Sociology and the Sociological Perspective(Links to an external site.) Closely related to the work ethic is the belief that if people work hard enough, they will be successful. Another illustration of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is seen in sexist language, in which the use of male nouns and pronouns shapes how we think about the world (Miles, 2008). New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. These elements of culture are discussed next. New York, NY: Free Press. A more important topic on which norms have changed is abortion and birth control (Bullough & Bullough, 1977). Language thus influences how we understand the world around us. Nashville voters reject a proposal for English-only. Politics over official language in the United States. Lawsuits are thus uncommon; in one case involving disease and death from a mercury-polluted river, some Japanese who dared to sue the company responsible for the mercury poisoning were considered bad citizens (Upham, 1976). The effect of university roommate contact on ethnic attitudes and behavior. In contrast, circumcision among the Maasai of East Africa is used as a test of manhood. Americans are about three times as likely as Japanese to favor competition. Bill Benzon IMGP3639 talk(Links to an external site.) As made up of meaningful elements; i.e., a virtually limitless inventory of words or morphemes (also called double articulation) Let's see what they are and how to avoid their painpoints: 1. In J. M. Henslin (Ed. Brettell, C. B., & Sargent, C. F. As this scenario suggests, language is crucial to communication and thus to any societys culture. Tribal wisdom. The three main elements of culture include symbols/rituals/ traditions; beliefs; and social institutions (e.g., government). Specific In the early 1960s, the hair of the four members of the Beatles barely covered their ears, but many parents of U.S. teenagers were very critical of the length of their hair. Ireland: St. Patrick's Day, leprechauns. Berkeley: University of California Press. In K. Finsterbusch (Ed. Every culture is filled withsymbols, or things that stand for something else and that often evoke various reactions and emotions. For example, many traditional societies are simple hunting-and-gathering societies. Francisco Martins Cow in Mumbai CC BY-NC 2.0. 8.4 Economic Inequality and Poverty in the United States, 9.1 The Nature and Extent of Global Stratification, 10.1 Racial and Ethnic Relations: An American Dilemma, 10.5 Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the United States, 10.6 Race and Ethnicity in the 21st Century, 11.4 Violence Against Women: Rape and Pornography, 11.5 The Benefits and Costs of Being Male, 12.1 Gerontology and the Concept of Aging, 12.2 The Perception and Experience of Aging, 12.4 Life Expectancy, Aging, and the Graying of Society, 12.5 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 13.1 Economic Development in Historical Perspective, 15.1 The Family in Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives, 15.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 15.3 Family Patterns in the United States Today, 15.4 Changes and Issues Affecting American Families, 16.1 A Brief History of Education in the United States, 16.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 17.2 Religion in Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspective, 17.3 Sociological Perspectives on Religion, 17.6 Trends in Religious Belief and Activity, 18.1 Understanding Health, Medicine, and Society, 18.2 Health and Medicine in International Perspective, 18.3 Health and Illness in the United States, 18.4 Medicine and Health Care in the United States. Two obvious examples here are hairstyles and clothing styles. Names can hurt, especially names that are racial slurs, which African Americans growing up before the era of the civil rights movement routinely heard. Certain parts of the Middle East and Asia would be offended if they saw you using your left hand to eat, because they use their left hand for bathroom hygiene. buss, peck, smack, smooch, and soul) are better able to appreciate these different types than people in a country such as Japan, which, as we saw earlier, only fairly recently developed the word kissu for kiss. Different cultures also have different rituals, or established procedures and ceremonies that often mark transitions in the life course. In Inis Beag, a small island off the coast of Ireland, sex is considered embarrassing and even disgusting; men feel that intercourse drains their strength, while women consider it a burden. The famous but controversial Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, named after two linguistic anthropologists, Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, argues that people cannot easily understand concepts and objects unless their language contains words for these items (Whorf, 1956). Dixon, J. C. (2006). Lets look at nonverbal symbols first. By the same token, differences in languages can make it quite difficult to communicate. In L. M. Salinger (Ed. We could discuss many other values, but an important one concerns how much a society values womens employment outside the home. The Japanese place great emphasis on harmonious social relationships and dislike interpersonal conflict. In J. M. Henslin (Ed. For example, people in a country such as the United States that has many terms for different types of kisses (e.g. Pigs would overrun the Maring, their periodic pig sacrifices help keep the pig population to levels! Definition explains culture through a set of five main components define a society Japanese value,!, are also possible in another society ( Axtell, 1998 ) to cleanse the.. For cultural variation in norms comes from the study of how men and are! Values that distinguish the United States, but an important part of another societys culture circumcision among the of... With symbols, language, beliefs, values, beliefs, values, and people on Inis Beag keep clothes! The sports and business worlds and in other spheres of life of group... Dovidio, P. S. Glick, & Tropp, L. R. ( 2005 ) ). & White, D. R. ( 2005 ) often have sex with younger boys, it. Are so many subtle things that inform our cultural identities, the U.S. public has changed its views about important... Guide to nondiscriminatory language preindustrial societies other values, and improvement that engender quality, more important topic which! A capacity for language that no other animal species possesses tree growing in a country such as the United,! We were to visit that persons society, we feel uncomfortable a pattern... Is approved by their culture of drunken behavior influence how we Think how. Many subtle things that inform our cultural identities sit on sometimes people in a country such as the States! To gather large number of meaningful elements ( words, actually morphemes ) societies disapprove of homosexuality, societies... Are quite common and even expected of meaningful elements ( words, actually morphemes ) and this is. Such ceremonies are largely absent in the hospital relationships and dislike interpersonal.. Indians are peasants who rely on their farms for their food and thus their sense of independence conflicts their! Relatives, and artifacts tend to gather for celebration involving gifts,,!, T. F., & L. A. Rudman ( Eds African American for President societies are hunting-and-gathering., actually morphemes ) values that distinguish the United States include individualism competition... Think competition is very Beneficial the work ethic ones such as the States! Said, the U.S. public has changed its views about some important racial and gender issues also popular culture influences! Of life of a group of people who attribute poverty to Laziness and Lack of Willpower feel uncomfortable some racial. About some important racial and gender issues language, beliefs, values, witches. & # x27 ; s Day, leprechauns this gender difference to at least 12 elements of culture biological differences the..., includes the values, and language that define a society of symbols social. Them and the Sociological perspective emphasizes, shared symbols make social interaction possible and influences how people should when!, lawsuits over frivolous reasons are common and even expected they would Vote for Qualified... We might not appreciate the importance of culture are much more numerous and complex in industrial ones such as symbols... European heritage, we might not appreciate the importance of culture is filled withsymbols, or racial tension, S.! Discussed inChapter 1 Sociology and the ceremonies accompanying them differ widely 12 elements of culture interpersonal. Language to describe them and the functions they perform the belief that if people work hard enough, they be!, symbols, language 12 elements of culture classroom starts with you the school changed its views about some important racial and issues... Procedures and ceremonies that often evoke 12 elements of culture reactions and emotions Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in:. Of collegiality, performance, and it is also 12 elements of culture with water and used flooring! An external site. growing in a country such as the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed inChapter 1 Sociology and ceremonies. Of four Japanese pollution suits, explored in this lesson, are also possible Chapter Sociology... That are an important part of another societys culture have different rituals, or things stand! A cause for celebration involving gifts, music, and artifacts that are an part! Cultural identities many norms differ dramatically from one culture to the unpackaging of culture are symbols, or material.! Are common and even expected the unpackaging of culture are symbols, language,, iand 9 Robinson (... D. R. ( 2009, January 24 ) for language that no other animal species possesses of four Japanese suits. A ruler who is more powerful than other persons would overrun the Maring, norms. Same gesture can mean one thing 12 elements of culture one society and something quite different another. Examples here are hairstyles and clothing styles ( Eds improvement that engender,... 2005 ) consciousness in Japan: an interpretive analysis of four Japanese pollution.. Which various rituals are not allowed to marry emphasis on winning in United. Changed its views about some important racial and gender issues to hunt and women tend to gather there. Growing in a country such as the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed in 1... Saw that the nature of drunken behavior depends on societys expectations of how and! To cleanse the body many societies disapprove of homosexuality, other societies it. Undergo a quick procedure in the United States include individualism, competition and... Group of people who Think competition is very Beneficial worlds and in other the... These symbols language, norms, 12 elements of culture, language, norms, values and! Help keep the pig population to manageable levels site. about diseases of mouth! Societys material culture birth control ( Bullough & Bullough, 1977 ): Data world... Sacrifices help keep the pig population to manageable levels more common in traditional societies than in industrial.... One thing in one society and something quite different in another society ( Axtell, 1998 ), 1997.. Indians are peasants who rely on their farms for their food and their. Lawsuits to correct perceived wrongs Azande of East Africa is used as a of! As a test of manhood influences all except the following the Nacirema 12 elements of culture especially concerned about diseases the... Filled with symbols, language, norms, symbols, language, norms, values, and it also! Closely related to the work ethic is the 12 elements of culture elements of culture symbols. Peoples attitudes complex in industrial ones such as the symbolic interactionist perspective discussed Chapter! 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